In the field of complementary and alternative medicine, mistletoe therapy has garnered significant attention, especially in the context of cancer treatment. Known for its traditional significance in various cultures, mistletoe has transitioned from a holiday decoration to a subject of scientific inquiry.
The growing interest in this natural remedy is not merely a trend but a reflection of the increasing need for holistic approaches in healthcare. As cancer continues to be a leading cause of mortality worldwide, the quest for effective and less invasive treatments is more pressing than ever.
This article aims to provide a comprehensive and evidence-based overview of mistletoe therapy, exploring its benefits, controversies, and future prospects in cancer treatment.
The article is authored by Dr. Saskia Kloppenburg Vieth, a medical expert in the field of integrated medicine. With years of experience and a deep understanding of both conventional and alternative therapies, Dr. Kloppenburg Vieth offers a unique perspective on mistletoe therapy. Her insights are not only grounded in scientific research but also enriched by her extensive clinical experience.
Dr. Saskia Kloppenburg Vieth is a distinguished practitioner in the field of integrated medicine, combining the best of conventional and alternative therapies to offer holistic healthcare solutions. She is a member of several professional organizations and has contributed to research and publications in the field of integrated medicine.
She is the founder of Integrated Medicine, a London-based clinic that has become a sanctuary for patients seeking a more personalized and comprehensive approach to healthcare.
Over the years, Dr. Kloppenburg Vieth has successfully administered mistletoe therapy to a wide range of patients, primarily those battling different forms of cancer. Her approach is not merely symptomatic but aims to address the root cause of the disease while enhancing the patient's overall well-being. She has observed significant improvements in the quality of life of her patients, including reduced side effects from chemotherapy and better emotional and psychosocial well-being.
Patients who have undergone mistletoe therapy under Dr. Kloppenburg Vieth's guidance speak highly of her expertise and the compassionate care they have received. Many have reported not just clinical improvements, but also a renewed sense of hope and vitality, attributing these positive changes to the holistic care provided at Integrated Medicine.
Through this article, Dr. Kloppenburg Vieth aims to shed light on the various aspects of mistletoe therapy, from its historical roots to its current scientific standing. Her insights are a blend of rigorous scientific evidence and years of clinical experience, offering readers a balanced and thorough understanding of this intriguing form of therapy.
Originating from traditional European medicine, mistletoe extracts have been used for centuries to treat a variety of ailments. However, it is in the oncology health sector that mistletoe therapy has found its most compelling applications.
As the founder of Integrated Medicine and a holistic doctor based in London, I, Dr. Saskia Kloppenburg Vieth, have had the privilege of incorporating mistletoe therapy into my practice. With a focus on integrated medicine, my approach combines conventional medical treatments with evidence-based complementary therapies. Mistletoe therapy has been one of the therapies that have shown promise in improving the quality of life for my patients, particularly those undergoing cancer treatment.
The use of mistletoe for medicinal purposes dates back to ancient times. The Druids, who were part of ancient Celtic culture, considered mistletoe to be a sacred plant with healing properties. Over the years, mistletoe has been used in various traditional medicine systems across Europe for conditions ranging from hypertension to epilepsy. However, it was in the early 20th century that mistletoe began to be studied more rigorously, particularly in the context of cancer treatment.
The modern use of mistletoe in cancer therapy was popularized by Rudolf Steiner, an Austrian philosopher and social reformer, who founded anthroposophical medicine. Steiner suggested that mistletoe could balance out the effects of the disease, given its parasitic nature, which he considered opposite to the invasive and destructive characteristics of cancer. Since then, numerous studies have been conducted to explore the efficacy of mistletoe therapy, especially as a complementary treatment in oncology.
Mistletoe therapy involves the use of mistletoe extracts, which are usually administered through injections. These extracts are derived from the European mistletoe plant, Viscum album. The extracts contain a variety of compounds, including lectins, viscotoxins, and other bioactive molecules, that are believed to have therapeutic effects.
There are several types of mistletoe extracts available, which are usually standardized to ensure consistent quality and potency. Some of the well-known brands include Iscador, Helixor, and Abnoba. These extracts can differ based on the host trees from which the mistletoe is harvested, as the composition of mistletoe varies depending on whether it grows on oak, apple, pine, or other types of trees.
The most common method of administering mistletoe is through subcutaneous injections, similar to insulin injections for diabetes. The injections are usually given 2-3 times a week and can be administered at home after proper training. Some practitioners also use mistletoe extracts in an intravenous form or as part of an integrative treatment plan that may include oral supplements, topical ointments, or even intratumoral injections directly into the cancerous tissue.
Mistletoe therapy is most commonly used for treating various types of cancers, including but not limited to:
It is crucial to note that mistletoe is not considered a standalone treatment for cancer but is used in conjunction with conventional cancer treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. The aim is to improve the patient's quality of life by reducing the side effects of conventional treatments and enhancing overall well-being.
Mistletoe therapy is a fascinating and promising area of complementary medicine, particularly in the field of oncology. Its historical roots, combined with modern scientific inquiry, make it a subject of ongoing research and debate. As a practitioner, I have witnessed the positive impact it can have on patients, especially when integrated into a comprehensive cancer treatment plan.
In the subsequent sections of this article, we will delve deeper into the scientific evidence supporting mistletoe therapy, explore its mechanisms of action, and discuss the controversies and criticisms it faces. We will also share patient experiences and testimonials to provide a well-rounded view of this intriguing therapeutic option.
The scientific community has shown a growing interest in the therapeutic potential of mistletoe, especially in the context of cancer treatment. Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate its efficacy, safety, and impact on quality of life for cancer patients. In this section, we will delve into the scientific evidence available, discussing both the positive effects and the criticisms that mistletoe therapy faces.
One of the most compelling aspects of mistletoe therapy is its potential to improve the quality of life for cancer patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by M. Loef and H. Walach in 2019-2020 found a significant, medium-sized effect on QoL in cancer patients treated with mistletoe extracts (Loef, Walach, 2019-2020). This is particularly important as improving QoL is often a primary goal in cancer treatment.
Chemotherapy, while effective, often comes with a host of side effects that can severely impact a patient's well-being. A systematic review by M. Evans et al. in 2016 found that patients reported demonstrable changes to their physical, emotional, and psychosocial well-being following mistletoe therapy. Notably, there was a reduction in chemotherapy side effects (Evans et al., 2016).
A study by J. Beuth et al. in 2006 found that standardized mistletoe extracts could interfere with specific tumor cell functions like proliferation, necrosis, and apoptosis. This suggests that mistletoe may have a direct impact on cancer treatment (Beuth et al., 2006).
Mistletoe therapy has generally been found to be safe. A multicentre observational study involving 1923 cancer patients found mostly mild to moderate adverse drug reactions that were dose-related. Importantly, these reactions were explained by the immune-stimulating pharmacological activity of mistletoe (Steele et al., 2014).
A study by F. Pelzer and W. Tröger in 2018 found that mistletoe extracts had no adverse interactions with the anticancer agents used in their study (Pelzer, Tröger, 2018). This is crucial as it allows mistletoe therapy to be used alongside conventional cancer treatments without the risk of negative interactions.
Despite the positive findings, mistletoe therapy has its critics. One of the main criticisms is the lack of rigorous clinical trials to substantiate its efficacy. A study by E. Ernst et al. in 2003 pointed out that mistletoe extracts have not been proven to be effective in improving quality of life, survival, or other outcome measures in rigorous clinical trials (Ernst et al., 2003).
Another point of contention is the impact of mistletoe therapy on survival rates. A systematic review by M. Freuding et al. in 2019 found no indication to prescribe mistletoe to patients with cancer with respect to survival (Freuding et al., 2019).
The scientific evidence on mistletoe therapy is a mixed bag, with studies showing both positive effects and limitations. While there is promising evidence to suggest that mistletoe therapy can improve the quality of life and reduce the side effects of conventional treatments, critics argue that more rigorous clinical trials are needed. As a practitioner, I find that mistletoe therapy, when used judiciously and as part of an integrated treatment plan, can offer significant benefits to cancer patients. However, it is crucial for both healthcare providers and patients to be aware of the existing scientific evidence to make informed decisions.
The scientific community has shown a growing interest in the therapeutic potential of mistletoe, especially in the context of cancer treatment. Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate its efficacy, safety, and impact on quality of life for cancer patients. In this section, we will delve into the scientific evidence available, discussing both the positive effects and the criticisms that mistletoe therapy faces.
One of the most compelling aspects of mistletoe therapy is its potential to improve the quality of life for cancer patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by M. Loef and H. Walach in 2019-2020 found a significant, medium-sized effect on QoL in cancer patients treated with mistletoe extracts (Loef, Walach, 2019-2020). This is particularly important as improving QoL is often a primary goal in cancer treatment.
Chemotherapy, while effective, often comes with a host of side effects that can severely impact a patient's well-being. A systematic review by M. Evans et al. in 2016 found that patients reported demonstrable changes to their physical, emotional, and psychosocial well-being following mistletoe therapy. Notably, there was a reduction in chemotherapy side effects (Evans et al., 2016).
A study by J. Beuth et al. in 2006 found that standardized mistletoe extracts could interfere with specific tumor cell functions like proliferation, necrosis, and apoptosis. This suggests that mistletoe may have a direct impact on cancer treatment (Beuth et al., 2006).
Mistletoe therapy has generally been found to be safe. A multicentre observational study involving 1923 cancer patients found mostly mild to moderate adverse drug reactions that were dose-related. Importantly, these reactions were explained by the immune-stimulating pharmacological activity of mistletoe (Steele et al., 2014).
A study by F. Pelzer and W. Tröger in 2018 found that mistletoe extracts had no adverse interactions with the anticancer agents used in their study (Pelzer, Tröger, 2018). This is crucial as it allows mistletoe therapy to be used alongside conventional cancer treatments without the risk of negative interactions.
Despite the positive findings, mistletoe therapy has its critics. One of the main criticisms is the lack of rigorous clinical trials to substantiate its efficacy. A study by E. Ernst et al. in 2003 pointed out that mistletoe extracts have not been proven to be effective in improving quality of life, survival, or other outcome measures in rigorous clinical trials (Ernst et al., 2003).
Another point of contention is the impact of mistletoe therapy on survival rates. A systematic review by M. Freuding et al. in 2019 found no indication to prescribe mistletoe to patients with cancer with respect to survival (Freuding et al., 2019).
The scientific evidence on mistletoe therapy is a mixed bag, with studies showing both positive effects and limitations. While there is promising evidence to suggest that mistletoe therapy can improve the quality of life and reduce the side effects of conventional treatments, critics argue that more rigorous clinical trials are needed. As a practitioner, I find that mistletoe therapy, when used judiciously and as part of an integrated treatment plan, can offer significant benefits to cancer patients. However, it is crucial for both healthcare providers and patients to be aware of the existing scientific evidence to make informed decisions.
Understanding the mechanism of action of mistletoe therapy is crucial for both healthcare providers and patients. This section aims to shed light on how mistletoe extracts interact with biological systems, particularly in the context of cancer treatment. The information presented here is based on scientific research, clinical observations, and my own experience as a holistic doctor specializing in integrated medicine.
Mistletoe extracts contain a variety of bioactive compounds that contribute to their therapeutic effects. The primary constituents include:
Lectins: These are proteins that bind to carbohydrates and play a role in cell-to-cell interaction. Mistletoe lectins are known for their ability to induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells.
Viscotoxins: These are small proteins that have a cytotoxic effect, meaning they can kill cells. Viscotoxins are particularly effective against rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells.
Other Compounds: Mistletoe extracts also contain flavonoids, polysaccharides, and alkaloids, which have various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.
One of the most well-studied mechanisms of mistletoe therapy is its ability to modulate the immune system. Mistletoe extracts have been shown to stimulate both the innate and adaptive immune responses, enhancing the body's ability to fight off tumors. This is achieved through the activation of various immune cells, including macrophages, natural killer cells, and T-lymphocytes.
Mistletoe lectins are known to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. They achieve this by binding to the cell membrane and triggering a cascade of intracellular events that lead to cell death. This is particularly important in cancer treatment, where the aim is often to eliminate cancer cells without affecting healthy cells.
Angiogenesis is the process by which new blood vessels form, and it plays a crucial role in tumor growth. Some studies suggest that mistletoe extracts can inhibit angiogenesis, thereby restricting the supply of nutrients to the tumor and limiting its growth.
Viscotoxins and other cytotoxic compounds in mistletoe extracts have a direct killing effect on cancer cells. These compounds disrupt the cell membrane and intracellular structures, leading to cell death.
Mistletoe therapy is often used in conjunction with conventional cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation. There is evidence to suggest that mistletoe extracts can enhance the efficacy of these treatments by improving their targeting of cancer cells and reducing side effects.
The mechanism of action of mistletoe therapy is multifaceted, involving immunomodulatory effects, direct anti-tumor activities, and synergistic interactions with conventional treatments. While more research is needed to fully understand these mechanisms, the existing evidence provides a compelling case for the inclusion of mistletoe therapy in integrative cancer treatment plans.
As a practitioner, I have found that understanding these mechanisms helps in tailoring treatment plans for my patients, enhancing both the efficacy and tolerability of cancer treatments. The next sections of this article will delve into the scientific evidence supporting these mechanisms, patient experiences, and the future prospects of mistletoe therapy in oncological practice.
One of the most compelling aspects of mistletoe therapy is its impact on patients' lives. While scientific studies provide valuable insights into the efficacy and safety of this treatment, personal experiences often offer a more nuanced understanding of its benefits and limitations. In this section, we will explore patient experiences with mistletoe therapy, drawing from case studies and testimonials from my own practice at Integrated Medicine, as well as published research.
A systematic review of qualitative studies on mistletoe therapy in cancer patients found that patients reported significant improvements in their emotional and psychosocial well-being. The study, published in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine in 2016, highlighted that patients experienced demonstrable changes to their physical, emotional, and psychosocial well-being following mistletoe therapy M. Evans et al., 2016.
One of my patients, a 45-year-old woman diagnosed with breast cancer, started mistletoe therapy alongside her chemotherapy regimen. She reported a noticeable improvement in her energy levels and emotional well-being within weeks of starting the treatment. Not only did she experience fewer side effects from chemotherapy, but she also felt more empowered and optimistic about her recovery.
Many patients who have undergone mistletoe therapy in conjunction with chemotherapy have reported a reduction in side effects such as nausea, fatigue, and loss of appetite. This aligns with the findings of a multicentre observational study of 1923 cancer patients, which found mistletoe therapy to be safe with mostly mild to moderate adverse drug reactions M. Steele et al., 2014.
A 60-year-old male patient with lung cancer in my practice experienced significant relief from chemotherapy-induced nausea after starting mistletoe therapy. He was able to maintain a healthier weight and reported an improved quality of life, which he attributed to the mistletoe injections.
The safety profile of mistletoe therapy has been generally favorable, with most patients experiencing mild to moderate adverse reactions, if any. In my practice, I have found that patients tolerate mistletoe therapy well, and the treatment can be easily adjusted to suit individual needs.
A 55-year-old patient with colorectal cancer was initially hesitant to try mistletoe therapy due to concerns about potential side effects. However, after starting the treatment, he experienced only mild skin irritation at the injection site, which resolved quickly. He continued with the therapy and reported an improved sense of well-being and reduced fatigue.
Patient experiences with mistletoe therapy are diverse but generally positive, especially when the treatment is integrated into a comprehensive cancer care plan. The emotional and psychosocial benefits, coupled with the potential to reduce chemotherapy side effects, make mistletoe therapy a valuable complementary treatment option. While it is essential to consider these experiences in the context of scientific evidence, they offer a compelling testament to the potential benefits of mistletoe therapy.
In my own practice at Integrated Medicine, I have seen first-hand how mistletoe therapy can positively impact the lives of cancer patients. These experiences, along with ongoing scientific research, contribute to a growing body of evidence supporting the use of mistletoe as a complementary therapy in cancer treatment.
As we navigate the complex landscape of cancer treatment, the role of complementary therapies like mistletoe is becoming increasingly important. While the existing body of research provides valuable insights into the potential benefits and safety of mistletoe therapy, there is a clear need for more rigorous, well-designed clinical trials to establish its efficacy conclusively. Here are some of the future prospects that could shape the role of mistletoe therapy in cancer treatment.
Several research institutions and medical centres are currently engaged in ongoing studies to evaluate the efficacy of mistletoe therapy. These studies aim to address some of the gaps in our understanding, such as the optimal dosage, the best methods of administration, and the types of cancer that respond most favourably to mistletoe treatment.
One promising area of research is the exploration of mistletoe's potential synergistic effects when combined with other forms of cancer treatment. For instance, could mistletoe extracts enhance the effectiveness of certain chemotherapy drugs or immunotherapies? Answering such questions could open new avenues for integrated cancer treatment plans.
Advancements in biotechnology and pharmacology could also play a significant role in the future of mistletoe therapy. New methods of extraction and formulation could lead to more potent and targeted mistletoe-based medications. Additionally, advances in genetic research could help identify which patients are most likely to benefit from mistletoe therapy, allowing for more personalized treatment plans.
Currently, mistletoe extracts are approved for use in several European countries but are still considered an investigational drug in places like the United States. Gaining approval from regulatory bodies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the U.S. would be a significant step forward, as it would allow for broader clinical use and likely stimulate further research.
Increased awareness and advocacy can also play a crucial role in the future of mistletoe therapy. As more patients and healthcare providers become aware of the potential benefits of mistletoe, demand for more research and clinical trials is likely to grow. Patient testimonials and case studies, like those I have witnessed in my practice, can be powerful catalysts for change.
Given the existing body of evidence, both positive and inconclusive, there is a strong case for conducting further studies. These should ideally be randomized, multicentre trials with larger sample sizes to provide more statistically significant results. Such studies could help settle the ongoing debates about mistletoe therapy's effectiveness and safety.
The future of mistletoe therapy in cancer treatment is promising but hinges on the outcomes of ongoing research and clinical trials. As a practitioner who has seen the potential benefits of mistletoe therapy first-hand, I am optimistic about its role in integrated cancer treatment plans. However, scientific rigour is essential for its broader acceptance in the medical community.
By staying abreast of the latest research and incorporating evidence-based practices, we can hope to offer more effective, holistic treatment options for cancer patients. The journey is far from over, but the path ahead offers exciting possibilities for enhancing patient care and improving outcomes.
As we reach the end of this comprehensive exploration of mistletoe therapy, it's important to summarize the key points and offer some concluding thoughts. Mistletoe therapy, with its rich historical background and evolving scientific research, presents a compelling option for integrative cancer treatment. While it is not a standalone cure for cancer, the evidence suggests that it can play a significant role in improving the quality of life for patients undergoing conventional cancer treatments.
The scientific evidence surrounding mistletoe therapy is a mixed bag, with studies showing both positive effects on quality of life and symptom relief, as well as criticisms regarding the lack of rigorous clinical trials. As a practitioner of integrated medicine, I, Dr. Saskia Kloppenburg Vieth, have found that mistletoe therapy can offer tangible benefits to patients, particularly when used as part of a holistic treatment plan. The testimonials and case studies from my practice at Integrated Medicine further substantiate the potential of this therapy.
While the existing body of research provides some support for the use of mistletoe in cancer treatment, there is a clear need for more rigorous, well-designed clinical trials. These should aim to address the gaps in our understanding of mistletoe's mechanisms of action, its long-term safety profile, and its efficacy in comparison to other treatment modalities.
Based on both the scientific literature and my own clinical experience, I would recommend mistletoe therapy as a complementary treatment option for cancer patients who are undergoing conventional treatments. However, it's crucial that this therapy is administered under the guidance of healthcare professionals experienced in integrative medicine and oncology.
Mistletoe therapy offers a blend of traditional wisdom and modern scientific inquiry. While it may not be the magic bullet for cancer treatment, its potential benefits in improving quality of life and alleviating treatment-related side effects make it a therapy worth considering. As with any medical treatment, it's essential to consult with healthcare providers to determine the most appropriate and effective treatment plan for your specific condition.
In closing, I hope this article has provided you with a comprehensive understanding of mistletoe therapy, enriched by both scientific evidence and clinical insights. As the field of integrative medicine continues to evolve, therapies like mistletoe offer a promising avenue for enhancing patient care and improving treatment outcomes.
This concludes our in-depth look at mistletoe therapy. If you have any further questions or would like to explore this treatment option, please feel free to reach out to us at Integrated Medicine. Thank you for taking the time to engage with this important topic.
This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be considered as medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment, including your suitability for mistletoe therapy or any other treatment options.
Mistletoe therapy is a form of complementary medicine that uses extracts from the mistletoe plant, primarily as an adjunctive treatment for cancer.
The most common method is through subcutaneous injections, similar to insulin injections for diabetes. Some practitioners also use intravenous or intratumoral methods.
According to studies, mistletoe therapy is generally considered safe with mild to moderate adverse drug reactions. However, it's crucial to consult a healthcare provider for personalized advice.
No, mistletoe therapy is not a standalone treatment for cancer. It is used in conjunction with conventional treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery.
Mistletoe therapy is commonly used for various types of cancers, including breast, lung, colorectal, pancreatic, and melanoma.
Several studies suggest that mistletoe therapy can improve the quality of life for cancer patients, particularly when used alongside conventional treatments.
The scientific evidence on mistletoe therapy is mixed. While some studies show positive effects, particularly on quality of life, others call for more rigorous clinical trials.
Mistletoe extracts contain a variety of compounds, including lectins, viscotoxins, and other bioactive molecules.
Yes, subcutaneous injections can be administered at home after proper training. However, it's essential to consult a healthcare provider for personalized advice and supervision.
For more information, consult scientific journals, healthcare providers experienced in complementary medicine, and organizations specializing in integrative medicine.
Evans, M., Bryant, S. B., Huntley, A., Feder, G. (2016). "Cancer Patients' Experiences of Using Mistletoe (Viscum album): A Qualitative Systematic Review and Synthesis." Journal of alternative and complementary medicine.
Beuth, J., Ko, H., Schneider, H., Tawadros, S., Kasper, H., Zimst, H., Schierholz, J. (2006). "Intratumoral application of standardized mistletoe extracts down regulates tumor weight via decreased cell proliferation, increased apoptosis and necrosis in a murine model." Anticancer research.
Steele, M., Axtner, J., Happe, A., Kröz, M., Matthes, H., Schad, F. (2014). "Adverse Drug Reactions and Expected Effects to Therapy with Subcutaneous Mistletoe Extracts (Viscum album L.) in Cancer Patients." Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: eCAM.
Loef, M., Walach, H. (2019-2020). "Quality of life in cancer patients treated with mistletoe: a systematic review and meta-analysis." BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies.
Ernst, E., Schmidt, K., Steuer-Vogt, M. (2003). "Mistletoe for cancer?" International Journal of Cancer.
Marvibaigi, M., Supriyanto, E., Amini, N., Abdul Majid, F. A., Jaganathan, S. (2014). "Preclinical and Clinical Effects of Mistletoe against Breast Cancer." BioMed Research International.
Pelzer, F., Tröger, W. (2018). "Complementary Treatment with Mistletoe Extracts During Chemotherapy: Safety, Neutropenia, Fever, and Quality of Life Assessed in a Randomized Study." Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.
Kienle, G., Berrino, F., Büssing, A., Portalupi, E., Rosenzweig, S., Kiene, H. (2003). "Mistletoe in cancer - a systematic review on controlled clinical trials." European journal of medical research.
Tröger, W., Ždrale, Z., Tišma, N., Matijašević, M. (2014). "Additional Therapy with a Mistletoe Product during Adjuvant Chemotherapy of Breast Cancer Patients Improves Quality of Life: An Open Randomized Clinical Pilot Trial." Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: eCAM.
Burkhart, J., Wälchli, C., Heusser, P., Weissenstein, U., Baumgartner, S., Andres, A. (2010). "In vitro investigation into the potential of a mistletoe extract to alleviate adverse effects of cyclophosphamide." Alternative therapies in health and medicine.
Consultant in General Internal Medicine (GMC reg. number: 7541548) and Specialist in Complementary Cancer Care
MBBS, MRCIM (Spain), MSc Homeopathy, MFHom, Master practitioner in Ericksonian Hypnotherapy and Neurolinguistic Programming, MSc in Nutrition
Integrated medicine Doctor and Holistic Medicine Practitioner
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